P16 protein expression in primary cutaneous melanoma with positive and negative lymph node biopsies: Particular aspects of a study performed at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous melanoma dermal invasion, identified through measurement of maximum tumour thickness and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, is important to establish melanoma prognosis and progression. P16 protein expression has been shown to be a predictive factor for melanoma evolution and prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate p16 protein expression in cutaneous melanomas with and without SLN metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven paraffin-embedded cutaneous melanoma specimens of patients who had undergone SLN investigation were evaluated from 1995 to 2007. SLN biopsy was negative for metastasis in 34 of these patients (controls); in the remaining 33 patients, SLN biopsy was positive (cases). The expression of p16 protein in the primary tumour was measured using an immunohistochemical assay. The samples were classified according to their nuclear expression. RESULTS: P16 nuclear expression was absent in 14 cases and in 15 controls; P=0.812. There was no statistically significant difference in p16 nuclear expression between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present study does not support the findings of other studies that suggest p16 protein expression is important in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma.

Helicobacter pylori eradication does not cause reflux oesophagitis in functional dyspeptic patients: a randomized, investigator-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The protective role of Helicobacter pylori in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease has been widely discussed. AIM: To assess the risk of reflux oesophagitis in patients with functional dyspepsia after treatment for H. pylori infection. METHODS: A randomized, placebo-controlled, investigator-blinded trial was carried out on 157 functional dyspeptic patients. Patients were randomized to receive lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (antibiotic group) or lansoprazole and identical antibiotic placebos (control group). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed at baseline, 3 and 12 months after randomization. The primary aim was to detect the presence of reflux oesophagitis. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: A total of 147 patients (94%) and 133 (85%) completed 3 months and 12 months follow-up, respectively. The eradication rate of H. pylori was 90% in the antibiotic group (74 of 82) and 1% (one of 75) in the control group. At 3 months, reflux oesophagitis was diagnosed in 3.7% (three of 82) in the antibiotic group and 4% (three of 75) in the control group (P > 0.2). At 12 months, diagnosis was established in five new cases within the first group and in four within the second (P > 0.2). No difference was found in heartburn symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori eradication does not cause reflux oesophagitis in this western population of functional dyspeptic patients.